International Relations - Political Science Essay

Worldwide Relations - Political Science - Essay Example Globalization can be seen as both a revile and a fix yet in either case, it is unavoidable. The idea of a â€Å"shrinking world,† a world wherein travel, exchange and correspondences between nations is getting effectively open by all, is drawing an ever increasing number of organizations into the overall market because of noteworthy advances in transportation, correspondence and an acknowledgment of the achievement of libertarian promoting frameworks. It is regularly seen as a fundamental and unavoidable key to future world financial turn of events. Others have upbraided the procedure as it appears to expand the present disparities that exist inside and between countries, undermines the business and expectations for everyday comforts of people in all nations as ability is pulled from each and low-paying occupations are cultivated out to other people and forestalls the normal social advancement with which every one of these nations have been included. A significant part of the globalization exertion is being composed and energized by the Western entrepreneur nations and the huge organizations that have ever-expanding power in the political circles, constraining their own beliefs, plans and arrangements after creating countries edgy for some assistance. The decrease of exchange limitations alongside the opening of money related motivations to remote ventures throughout the most recent two decades has consolidated to animate monetary turn of events. The extension of free market strategies is the financial apparatus, one as of now set up and growing, which is influencing innovative progressions and riches. (Consumes, 2006). Due to the expanded capacity for these bigger enterprises to move into littler markets, getting their more noteworthy assets, more noteworthy capital and more prominent capacity to undermine their rivals, littler organizations are thinking that its increasingly more hard to endure the globalize commercial center. Instead of prompting an expanded expansion in the market, just as the related open doors for business and

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advertising - Essay Example Be that as it may, the expanding requests of the ongoing business sector patterns have constrained promoting practices to be centered around the accomplishment of upper hand in the business sectors. It is because of this progress advertising has started to be considered as a key administration instrument to devise and achieve long haul targets of the association. The achievement of objectives is conceivable if the requests of the clients are met and they are guaranteed that the administrations and items will be conveyed to them in a powerful and solid way (Kotler et al., 2008). Consequently, it gets clear for organizations to comprehend their market portions and customers’ requests to guarantee that effective organizations are run and they can convey preferred items and administrations over their rivals. Satisfaction of customer’s needs is one of the most contemplated parts of advertising. Slope et al (2003) clarified that consumer loyalty is the level of satisfaction of the customer’s necessities by a whole item or administration from an association. Consumer loyalty is viewed as the factor that incites clients to be faithful with their brands and pass on a positive picture of the organization before different purchasers. Faithful clients can end up being acceptable marketing experts for organizations. Steadfast clients are significant resources for any association since they don't switch marks because of value contrasts and advancements from the contenders. Consumer loyalty is additionally known to be a significant hotspot for expanding incomes for associations; along these lines, it is planned to be accomplished by all associations to lessen examples of brand moves and increment pieces of the overall industry. Reicheld and Sasser (1990) contemplated the administratio n business and finished up their examination with the finding that a 5% increase in the holding of shoppers brings about a huge increment of 25% to 125% in the incomes of any organization. The idea of holding clients has brought about the advancement of relationship showcasing. This idea encourages the achievement of incomes from expanded relations with clients and makes the improvement of client relations a significant key focus on the organization. In any case, it additionally should be grasped that the satisfaction of customer’s necessities isn't the sole answer for organizations in the advanced markets; rather they have to keep them fought and pleased with the items and administrations. It would not be right to express that administration quality bears extraordinary importance in accomplishing happiness and dependability from the customer’s side. Sportswear selling is a changed and lopsided market. Retailing chains in the separate field have recorded a moderate yet consistent pace of development before. Organizations are examining to devise creative arrangements and procedures to reestablish their plans of action and extending their organizations with more prominent number of stores. Sports Direct and JD have figured out how to accomplish a conspicuous spot in the present market by accomplishing a praiseworthy piece of the overall industry. Mintel Reports (2009) expressed that a promising future can be anticipated for the sportswear retailing industry in UK, particularly because of the up and coming London Olympics. The promoting methodology that was received by Sport Direct included the execution of limits on their retailing things. This procedure helped them to separate themselves from the rivals in the market. The nature of their items is practically identical to the ones being offered by universally perceived brands like Nike, Adidas and Puma. It is applicable to research if advertising methodologies, for example, bringing down the costs of items, assumes a significant job in the fulfillment of consumer loyalty. The examination will concentrate on showcasing strateg

What Gets Discharged During Bankruptcy (And What Doesnt)

What Gets Discharged During Bankruptcy (And What Doesnt) What Gets Discharged During Bankruptcy? (And What Doesnt?) What Gets Discharged During Bankruptcy? (And What Doesnt?)If youre filing for bankruptcy, you shouldnt expect that all your debts are going to vanish overnight. Some debts cant be discharged through bankruptcy, period.Bankruptcy. It’s the way you lose in Monopoly, so there’s no way it’s good, right?Well, it’s certainly not anyone’s number one choice, but it’s a legal process that was created to help those who have entered a totally unmanageable financial situation. It allows an individual or company to get rid of their debts and get a fresh start.(If youre a senior citizen filing for bankruptcy, a fresh start doesnt sound so great, we know. Thats why the looming bankruptcy crisis threatening Americas seniors is especially worrying.)But not all debts can be magically scrubbed away by bankruptcy. And it’s hard to imagine something more frustrating than going through the process of bankruptcy and all of the difficulty that comes with it only to find that your most troubles ome debts didn’t even go away.So what goes and what stays? And how exactly does bankruptcy work, anyway? Well, it depends what kind! Chapter 7 means liquidating your assets.This is the kind of bankruptcy you probably imagine when you think of “bankruptcy.” It’s when you tell a court that you are unable to pay your debts and then you don’t have to! How great is that?Well, there’s a pretty big catch. Whatever assets you do have will be liquidated (financially, not by one of the laser guns that are issued to every bankruptcy attorney) and used to pay off as much of your debts as possible.And there’s one more catch. Not ALL of your debts will necessarily go away.“Child support and alimony can never be discharged in bankruptcy whether you file Chapter 7 or Chapter 13,” warned David Reischer, Esq., CEO of LegalAdvice.com. “Certain fines, judgments, and taxes owed to the government can never be discharged in bankruptcy either. Student loans may be able to be discharged in bankruptcy if a person is able to convince the court a hardship exception applies.”(Wait, what is this “Chapter 13?” Don’t worry, we’ll get to it. Consider that foreshadowing. Oh, and  if you want to learn about why getting a hardship exception for student loans is incredibly difficult, check out our post, You Can Discharge Student Loans in Bankruptcy … But Good Luck.)What debts cant be discharged in Chapter 7?In the meantime, here’s Linda Worton Jackson, experienced bankruptcy attorney and partner at Pardo Jackson Gainsburg, with some additional details and scenarios to keep an eye out for:“In a personal Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the Bankruptcy Code provides that all claims that arose before the filing of the bankruptcy petition be discharged, other than certain types of claims that are listed in the Bankruptcy Code. The discharge of the debt is the elimination of the debt, so it is the most important issue for most debtors. But, there are exceptions that are based o n timing and on the type of debt. For example, if you filed for bankruptcy on January 1, and then you run over someone’s bicycle with your car on January 2, the claims against you by the owner of the bike are not discharged. But, if you had the accident on December 31, the day before the filing, it would be discharged. So, timing is key.“But, even if the claim arose before the filing, it may not be discharged if it falls into the list of exceptions. The most notable exceptions are student loan debt, certain taxes, domestic support obligations, and certain credit card debt. There are also debts excepted from discharge based on the circumstances surrounding the claim. So, for example, most loans are dischargeable. But, if the loan was obtained by false pretenses or false financial information, then it will not be discharged. In fact, most fraud-related claims do not get discharged. And, most people don’t realize that any creditor can object to the discharge of their debt and in some cases, they will prevail.“In addition, if you fail to list a creditor on the court filings or fail to provide notice to a creditor, that creditor’s claim will pass right through the bankruptcy proceeding and remain a debt. A Chapter 7 bankruptcy can be a great tool for someone with mounting debt, but the dischargeability issue is tricky. So before you jump into a bankruptcy to eliminate debt, talk to an attorney to make sure that the debt you are concerned about will be eliminated.”But all of that is just about Chapter 7.Chapter 13 means restructuring your debts.Chapter 13, the other common kind of personal bankruptcy, is a much more involved process.“Chapter 13 allows consumers to keep valuable assets, such as their home. Chapter 13 helps consumers come up with a repayment plan to creditors, usually through a trustee, over a period of up to five years,” explained financial coach Sulaih Picorelli.So when it comes to Chapter 13, the debts that go away depend on the pla n that you and your creditors work out with the court. You won’t be getting rid of large portions of your debts like you would with Chapter 7, but you’ll be able to keep some of your assets and you won’t be surprised when some debts hanging around that you thought were going away.Chapter 11 doesnt really apply here.This is like Chapter 13 but for businesses. You probably won’t be considering this kind of bankruptcy unless, like Jay-Z, you’re a business, man.Hopefully, this gave you a basic understanding of what kind of debts are discharged and which aren’t if you declare bankruptcy. But, as Jackson said, you should still consult with a lawyer so you can know for certain.Here on the OppLoans Financial Sense blog, we frequently write about how people can manage their debt. One great tip we offer is to stay away from predatory  no credit check loans like  payday loans,  cash advances, and title loans. Still, theres a lot more to debt than choosing the right  bad credit loa n.  To learn more, check out these related posts from OppLoans:What’s the Best Way to Tackle Student Loan Debt?Can You Flee Your Debt by Fleeing the Country?What to Do When You Have Too Much Medical DebtFinancial Priorities: Which Debts Should You Pay Off First?What other questions do you have about debt? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsSulaih Picorelli is a Financial Coach and began The Money Farmer to empower individuals to take control of their personal finances. To learn more about her practice follow her on Instagram. and Facebook.David Reischer  (@LegalAdvice)  is a commercial litigation attorney with specialization in bankruptcy, real estate, business law,  and bankruptcy. He is also a zealous advocate for online legal information services offered over the Internet. David Reischer is a 2000 law graduate from Brooklyn Law School with a Masters in Business from Zicklin School of BusineLinda Worton Jackson is a partner with the Miami-based law firm  Pardo Jackson Gainsburg. She has more than 25 years of experience representing lenders, debtors, committees, creditors and purchasers. Linda has tackled all phases of bankruptcy litigation and Chapter 11 and 7 bankruptcy proceedings in cases all over the country.

Short Story - 1725 Words

These three young ladies (not to leave out their brothers) are never again to be the same after a morning in September of 2002 We had recently moved from Seattle, Washington back to Sulphur, Louisiana. We had lived in the small town of Sulphur just west of Lake Charles for seven years the first time and had now returned. Our friends had referred to our time away in Seattle as our mission trip to the north west. Now with our oldest child away at school we were left with four children at home. Children leaving home had only just begun. In Seattle when the first left home I took in two foster children. All-in-all we had nine foster children live in our home during the five years we lived in Washington. I was afraid to imagine what I would†¦show more content†¦The church in Woodinville, Washington just outside of Seattle had doubled in size and was the most worshipful and God praising church I had ever been a part of. We just wanted to be obedient servants in the kingdom where ever God put us. Both of these moves had been huge for our children. Sitting on the couch talking to our five children about the possible move to Seattle taught me a lot about my children. First our oldest Son said it was time for him to be a leader in the youth group. â€Å"I can do it†, he said. I can be more out spoken and direct others to serve†, he said with courage. Living in Seattle he went on to finish two years of college by the time he graduated high school. Left home to attend SIBI (Sunset International Bible Institute) in the AIM (Adventures In Missions) program where Craig and I started our life of fulltime ministry. Our second child, our oldest daughter was very advanced in gymnastics while living in Sulphur, La. Gymnastics is an expensive sport. We compensated by bartering with the owners, allowing all three of our girls, and at one point, all of our children to participate while living there. To allow one of our children to attend at competition levels in Seattle, would cost three times as much. With the help of loving friends, we worked out for our daughter to stay an extra six weeks in Sulphur when we moved to Seattle. She stayed with the owner and part of the time withShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Huey Long Speech - 1305 Words

With all of the different opinions, how can a single person write a speech that is respected among a majority and for years to come? Now, are these speeches actually as amazing as history has made them seem or has no one challenged popular opinion? The speech, Every Man a King, written by Huey Long has been categorized as one of the greatest speeches in history. Every Man a King uses writing techniques such as persuasion, rhetoric, and syllogisms to convey the message of spreading wealth. Longs goal with, Every Man a King, is to make the citizens of the United States adopt the idea of spreading wealth. Long wanted America to discontinue its practice of capitalism. His speech was supposed to motivate the public to deter from allowing†¦show more content†¦Longs speech is giving the listeners hope that the Depression can end if his idea is implemented. The audience is also feeling emotions of anger once they realize that there is a group of people that arent going without. The speech provokes emotions of hope, change, and anger for both the super-rich and poor. These emotions are provoked by his use of loaded sentences. I hope that I might have the fortitude to praise and honor my Government that had allowed me here in this land, where there is too much to eat and too much to wear, to starve in order that a handful of men can have so much more than they can ever eat or they can ever wear (Long). This part of his speech suggests that America has allowed majority of its people to starve in order to keep the super-rich living comfortably. The quote is an excellent example of pathos. Long plays on the listeners emotions by making the example vividly realistic and personal. Since he interjected himself into the example it becomes relatable amongst the listeners. Aristotle stated, â€Å"To understand the emotions—that is, to name them and describe them, to know their causes and the way in which they are excited.† The ability to tap into audience’s emotions can evoke feelings of connectedness and evoke the motivation to act and prescribe to the speaker’s thoughts and positions(Communication Assessment Learning Lab). Long used the appeal of pathos to hisShow MoreRelatedHuey P. Long s Speech1588 Words   |  7 PagesHuey P. Long’s speech was judged based on his practices as a Louisiana senator and governor, however it had the potential to be so much more had he lived to continue his legacy. People appeared to be afraid of how Governor Long operated within the legislative system of Louisiana because of the fact that, he tended to find his way around legal statutes that hindered his agenda. Some could argue that he stepped out of the bounds of power that reigns in a representative of a democratic nation, howeverRead MoreEssay on Willie Stark as Huey Long 1217 Words   |  5 Pagesbased Willie Stark’s character on Huey Long, a controversial, political leader from Louisiana who was prominent during the early 1900s. Although Robert Penn Warren has â€Å"repeatedly denied that Willie Stark is a fictional portrait of Huey Long,† many aspects of the novel directly correlate to the political career and personal life of Huey Long (Payne). Robert Penn Warren creates a character whose experiences and political career directly correlate to the events in Huey Long’s life. The speculationsRead More Historical Parallel Construction in All The Kings Men Essay1206 Words   |  5 P agesHistorical Parallel Construction in All The Kings Men Huey Pierce Long rose from a poor Lousiana family to become a demigod in the pantheon of American politics, while slowly abandoning his most deeply held principles to the prevailing political realties of the time. While not exactly matching the details of his life, Willie Stark in Robert Penn Warrens All The Kings Men closely parallels the famous southern demagogue, known as the Kingfish. The author uses this association to furtherRead MoreA Speech Delivered By The Great Depression1549 Words   |  7 PagesIt is quite ironic how a speech delivered nearly 80 years ago about the financial state of this country still applies today. Huey P Long delivered his radio speech amidst the United States of America’s most excruciating financial crisis, the Great Depression. However, it appears that the Great Depression and the more recent Great Recession have all too much in common. I don’t particularly believe history has repeated itself simply because the America has not learned from its mistakes. Rather, itRead More Stanleys Control in A Streetcar Named Desire Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesStanleys Control in A Streetcar Named Desire Remember what Huey Long said – Every Man is a King! - Explain how Stanley had his control, how he has had his kingship challenged and how he is trying to re-establish his control. â€Å"Remember what Huey Long said – â€Å"Every Man is a King!† Explain how Stanley had his control, how he has had his kingship challenged and how he is trying to re-establish his control. In the opening of â€Å"A Street Car Named Desire† by Tennessee Williams, we areRead MoreInfluential Americans in Politics2600 Words   |  11 Pagessenators Huey Long, Salmon Chase, and William Seward in particular helped change this great nation for the good. They all somewhat had the same view politically and had similar goals. All three of these men were very much for equal rights for all people. Huey Long was no exception to this. Long truly believed that the government should protect, enrich, and improve conditions to its most exposed citizens; the poor and the stereotyped regardless of their race or class. Huey Pierce Long, Jr. wasRead More1936 Presidential Election1954 Words   |  8 PagesWall Street. The supporters of Rev. Gerald L.K. Smith, a spellbinding hate-monger from Louisiana who took upon himself the mantle of Populist Huey Long when the latter was assassinated in 1935(American President: A Reference Resource). All these leaders such as Senator Huey Long, Priest Charles Coughlin and Dr. Francis Townsend worked to together. Huey Long organized the Share Our Wealth clubs, calling for a straightforward redistribution of income. Dr. Francis Townsend as mentioned before who foundRead MoreNew Deal Under Attack1560 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribe the opponents of the New Deal, and the differences between Herbert Hoover and Huey Long’s plans. The first document is about Huey Long’s beliefs and his redistribution of wealth plan. He expresses his sheer disappointment over Roosevelt’s New Deal program and regrets supporting him in the election. The second document is about the conservative criticisms of the New Deal. Herbert Hoover’s anti-New Deal campaign speech centers on limiting government involvement and self-reliance of the people. MinnieRead MoreA Functional Understanding Of Historical And Social Context1484 Words   |  6 Pagesthought, constitutes dialectical materialism, requiring an examination of the end-goal to determine the means of societal change. This theorization of revolutionary action established the backdrop for the creation of the Black Panther Party in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, who drew from dialectical materialism and general Marxist-Leninist philosophy to create their revolutionary organization. Using many of the tenets of Marxist-Leninist socialism, the BPP began a vigorous program of politicalRead MoreEssay on The Black Panther Party for Self Defense 1598 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Self Defense was the most significant activist group during the Civil Rights Movement Era. It was founded in Oaklan d, California by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in October of 1966. The Black Panthers Party was founded to fight for and protect the rights of African Americans. Believing that the approach Martin Luther King Jr. was expressing would take too long, the approach Black Panther Party took was more along the lines of Malcolm X more aggressive theories rather than Martin Luther King Jr

Effectiveness of International Law Free Essays

Introduction This essay will focus on international law being an effective tool for the resolution of international disputes. Timely resolutions and unbiased resolutions are factors that determine effective dispute resolution. The definition and concept of international law, effective aspects of international law, and certain limitations of international law will be discussed in this essay. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of International Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, case studies will be provided to support the argument and to demonstrate the procedures of resolving international disputes. Definition and Concept of International Law International law can be defined as, the universal system of principles and policies concerning the relations between states and international organisations. The overall identity of international law is the United Nations, and they govern international law through legal documents known as treaties. International law is enforced by the United Nations Security Council and the International Court of Criminal Justice. Effectiveness of International Law in Resolving Disputes International law is expanding over the years as many countries are now relying on it to solve their disputes. Most countries are part of regional organisations, such as the African Union and European Union, which follow the practice of international law . As more countries are getting involved in international organisations, the fairness and reliability of international law can be observed. International law is not forced upon countries. Countries participate in international organisations to ensure stability and predictability in their relationship with other countries. This voluntary participation ensures that laws and agreements made will be fair and unbiased to all participating countries. Countries are not coerced into agreeing to international law. The laws made within an international organisation are derived after much debate and consensus from participating countries. After the agreements are made, these laws are put into place as treaties. This shows that international law allows for fair and unbiased resolutions as the laws will be clearly stated. Another positive element of international law in resolving disputes is, international law does not conflict with domestic laws most of the time. Domestic laws focus on the prosperity of the country while international laws focuses on the prosperity of all countries. Therefore, when it comes to resolving international disputes, most countries will accept the decisions made by the international tribunals and the International Court of Justice. International laws also adapt to the changes in society. These changes are reflected on the amendments of treaties. The United Nations ensures that all laws made are fair and unbiased. It also ensures that disputes between countries are dealt in the same manner. This is the reason as to why the International Court of Justice is a separate entity. When countries that are having conflicts approach the United Nations for dispute resolution, they are referred to the International Court of Justice. The International Court of Justice examines all given evidence and they may also start their own investigations when it is required. The diversity amongst the panel of judges within the International Court of Justice reflects fairness and unbiasedness when resolving disputes. The International Court of Justice also allows for countries involved in the dispute to nominate a judge of their choosing, an Ad hoc judge, to seat on the panel of judges. Case Study of the Effectiveness of International Law The conflict between Singapore and Malaysia over the sovereignty of Pedra Branca and Middle Rocks is a good example of international law being effective. This case gives a clear example of how the International Court of Justice deals and resolves disputes effectively. The dispute started in 1980’s when Malaysia published a map stating that Pedra Branca belonged to her. Singapore disputed this, and both countries agreed to submit the dispute to the International Court of Justice. The International Court of Justice started their own investigation and the official hearing took place in 2007 under the name ‘Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia v. Singapore)’. After a thorough study of all geographical evidence, ancient title documents and colonisation letters from the United Kingdom, in 2008, the International Court of Justice ruled that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore and the Middle Rocks belonged to Malaysia. Limitations in International Law There are certain limitations which affects the effectiveness of international law. Firstly, not every country is a member of international law making organisations. International law making bodies will not be able to make laws and resolve disputes fairly if not all countries are part of this process. Secondly, the International Court of Justice takes too long to make a decision. A key factor in dispute resolutions, is timely resolutions. If disputes are not resolved fast, the effectiveness of international law will be questioned. Lastly, the decision of the International Court of Justice cannot be appealed. Not all decisions are fair to affected countries. There may be instances whereby unjust decisions cannot be appealed.. Case Study of Limitations The territorial dispute between India and Pakistan is a good example of limitations of international law. This case is a good example of countries that do not actively participate in International dispute resolution. Both countries have claimed ownership of Kashmir since they became independent. However, they did not seek dispute resolution and over the years that tension increased into an armed conflict whereby many innocent lives were lost. The ongoing problem has worsened as Kashmir is now filled with terrorist organisations. In 2008, the United States of America stepped in and insisted that both countries resolve the dispute. The United Nations did not step in as they were not called upon by either country. Conclusion International law is an effective tool for international dispute resolution as it ensures that laws are made, and disputes are resolved in a fair and unbiased manner. As there are many regional organisations, there are numerous avenues to resolve international disputes. However, the limitations to international law affects its effectiveness. International organisations should take a more active role and emphasise that all countries actively take part in international law to increase its effectiveness. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Jane Stratton, ‘International Law’, Legal Information Access Centre, 2009 [ 2 ]. Ibid. [ 3 ]. Ibid. [ 4 ]. William E Holder, ‘Towards Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes’ (1969) Australian Year Book of International Law 102 [ 5 ]. Ibid. [ 6 ]. Pitman B. Potter, ‘Bases and Effectiveness of International Law’ (1968), The American Journal of International Law 63(2), 270-272. [ 7 ]. Stratton, above n 1. [ 8 ]. Ibid. [ 9 ]. Ibid. [ 10 ]. Holder, above n 4. [ 11 ]. Ibid. [ 12 ]. Ibid. [ 13 ]. Ibid. [ 14 ]. James Crawford, ‘International Law And The Rule Of Law’, (2003), Adelaide Law Review 3 24(1) [ 15 ]. Ibid. [ 16 ]. Stratton, above n 1. [ 17 ]. Ibid. [ 18 ]. Crawford, above n 14. [ 19 ]. Stratton, above n 1. [ 20 ]. Yuval Shany, ‘Assessing the Effectiveness of International Courts: a Goal-Based Approach’ (2012), The American Journal of International Law 106(2), 225-270. [ 21 ]. Ibid. [ 22 ]. Ibid. [ 23 ]. International Court of Justice, ‘Case Concerning The Sovereignty Over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge’, 23 May 2008 [ 24 ]. Ibid. [ 25 ]. Ibid. [ 26 ]. Ibid. [ 27 ]. Richard Steinberg et al, ‘Power and International Law’ (2006),   The American Journal of International Law  100(1), 64-87. 28 ]. Ibid. [ 29 ]. Anna Spain, ‘Using International Dispute Resolution to Address the Compliance Question in International Law’ (2008-2009), Georgetown Journal of International Law 40(1), 807-864. [ 30 ]. Ibid. [ 31 ]. Shany, above n 20. [ 32 ]. Ibid. [ 33 ]. Hans Koechler, ‘The Kashmir Problem between Law and Realpolitik: Reflections on a Negotiated Settlementâ⠂¬â„¢, International Council on Human Rights,1 April 2008 http://i-p-o. org/Koechler-Kashmir_Discourse-European_Parliament-April2008. htm [ 34 ]. Ibid. [ 35 ]. Ibid. [ 36 ]. Ibid. How to cite Effectiveness of International Law, Papers

Malala Yousafzai Essay Example

Malala Yousafzai Paper Malala Yousafzai Marc Champion, Salman Masood, and Beclan Walsh further analyze the outcome of the Nobel Peace Prize to reflect upon Malala Yousafzais attributes to society. The writers professionally address the perspectives of the Pakistani people while applying their opinions as to why Yousafzai deserved to be recognized. Marc Champion adequately expresses the idea that Yousafzais achievements are the embodiment of the Nobel Peace Prize representation, therefore being the rightful contender. He assertively states that, l know who I would have chosen for this years Nobel Peace Prize: Malala Yousafzai. Reclaiming her contributions to the world, Champion reasons that the Nobel Peace Prize should have gone to her on the basis that she deserved it now, while the OPCW deserve it in the future. Using President Obama, Champion argues, [He was] awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009 for getting elected, as a, kind of advance payment on great deeds to come. This advanced payment does not promise future the fulfillment while Yousafzai has already done the greatest deed of all; she endangered herself for the greater good. As such, he implies, l dont see how [the OPCW] competes with the bravery of Malala and her family. We will write a custom essay sample on Malala Yousafzai specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Malala Yousafzai specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Malala Yousafzai specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Does Champion make an acceptable case for her? I agree the contributions by Yousafzai should have been appreciated by the Nobel Peace Prize standards. Many opinions follow the actions of Yousafzai and her family including those that claim fraud and publicity purposes. The people of Pakistan will not associate with Yousafzai on the grounds that, [she is] a C. I. A agent, part of a nebulous Western Plot to humiliate their country and pressure their government. It is also claimed that Yousafzais assassination attempt was fake to dramatize her actions towards society. The Pakistani people do not believe she deserved the Nobel Peace Prize because of the lack of proof behind Yousafzais experiences. Simply put, Malala Yousafzais involvement with education and womens rights brought multitudes of opinions, especially on the results of the Nobel Peace Prize. Marc Champion, Salman Masood, and Beclan Walsh eloquently establish respect for Yousafzai while addressing the perspective of those who believe she is false. So is Yousafzai worthy of the Nobel Peace Prize? Indeed, she earned the respect deserving of the Nobel Peace Prize, but in the end she did not go unnoticed and she did not go unrewarded. By HSslacker

Their Not Always What They Seem To Be Professor Ramos Blog

Their Not Always What They Seem To Be What if you had to live in a foreign country where the president who you choose as your leader became so corrupted that manipulate the system to be reelected and take power over the peoples rights? Many Latin American countries are facing this corruption with presidents being in office for too many terms. They start coming across as good candidates for the good of the people and then they become corrupted and greedy. The people trust in these individuals to make the country a better place with more opportunities. Daniel Ortega, the president of Nicaragua, was first elected back in 1984 and re elected in 2007 for three term. Daniel Ortega the Sandinista leader and his brother Humberto Ortega and Frente Sandinista de Liberacià ³n Nacional (FSLN), a political organization from the left-wing,   organized political support among students, workers, and peasants. On July 1979, they defeated the National Guards and overthrew Anastasio Somoza former president at the time. Somoza and his family controlled   the national radio and telegraph networks, the postal and immigration services, health services, the internal revenue service, and the national railroads. They were living life to the fullest while the people lived in poverty. Daniel Ortega became very liked after taking over because the people thought he was a good man for helping to get rid of Somoza. Ortega became the first Nicaraguan president in history to peacefully surrender power to an opposition party (Morris). The man who gained the trust of so many Nicaraguans, started using his power for corruption and maintaining poverty as well. Parties in the coalition were stripped of their legal status by judges and electoral officials apparently controlled by Ortega’s government. The people are feeling betrayed by the president Daniel Ortega and his wife, Vice President Rosario Murillo, for ordering increase in the amount that the employees and employers have to pay into the system while cutting benefits to elderly pensioners by 5% (Morris). The next day thousands of people including university students, pensioners, environmentalists, feminists, religious leader and many more filled up the streets protesting for Daniel Ortega and his wife to resign as president. The state shut down multiple television stations that were broadcasting live footage and ordered the anti-riot police to fire rounds into the crowd of protestors while ordering them to arrest students and attack universities in Managua the capital. The Nicaragua Center for Human Rights reports approximately 60 death. Journalist Angel Gahona, was killed streaming live footage of protestors in the Caribbean coastal city of Bluefields on Facebook. There were much more report by the Red Cross who were wounded and needed to be hospitalized. On the other hand, many others got incarcerated for looting stores. According to Ortega, the people imprisoned in the disturbances will be brought to trail. It isn’t easy for him to regain control of the streets especially because the people of Nicaragua are tired of his bullshit and are desperate for change. In Rome, Pope Francis called out for the violence to end and a peaceful resolution of the conflict. According to Jose de Cordoba from The Wall Street Journal, a spokeswoman from the State Department, Heather Nauert was not pleased with the â€Å"excessive force used by the police and others against civilians.† The State Department called in a meeting for the Nicaraguan government to restore all television coverage and allow a full investigation of the deaths during the protests. The Ortega government has been mishandling the social security system for years. They’ve used it as a piggy bank to finance housing projects and medical clinics created by Ortega’s association. According to Cordoba, the International Monetary Fund has send out a warning that the Nicaragua’s social security system could run out of money by 2019.   Many people work so hard most of their lives so they could accumulate money in their social security so they could have money to live on. This man is creating more poverty and crime. Most people in Nicaragua are becoming desperate and their breaking into peoples houses and businesses. As it is, Nicaragua remains one of the poorest countries in Latin America (Watts). Daniel Ortega undermine the power and authority of the country’s institutions and developed democracy seeking to form dictatorship like Anastasio Somoza (Cordoba). Ortega benefited in recent years from regular deposits of well over half a billion dollars in cash annually from oil-rich Venezuela. He divided the income between his own family, the private business community organized through a chamber of commerce known as COSEP that exercises broad influence on the local government, and distributed the rest through social security programs to maintain order. The people of Nicaragua are through with Daniel Ortega, they are hoping for change. It is devistating seeing the country I was born at go through these horrible moments. Besides it being the poorest country in Central America, its where God gave us the privilage to be born at. Nicaragua is a beautiful country of volcanoes, lakes and beaches. Taking from the elderly is not the soluation in my opinion. These people depend on their pensions to survive. The people in Nicaragua have lived in poverty for many years for this asshole and his wife to take more from the people is not right at all. They seem to be enjoying their lives while Nicaraguans are struggling to make ends meet. There has to be some kind of change in how our voices are heard so we are able to make changes if needed. Its very sad how Daniel Ortega handled the protests. He had no right to kill all those unarmed individual protesting for change. Can you imagine if you had to live in a country like Nicaragua. Maybe if we had better leaders and government system, the people wouldnt have to look elsewhere to go or even cross the border to seek better opportunities for their families. Hopefully the U.S. could step in and help the people of Nicaragua get rid the president and his wife so they could live in peace. Blair, Laurence. â€Å" More Than 350 Million Latin American Voters to Elect New Leaders in 2018.† The Guardian. 27 December 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec//latin-america-elections-2018-corruption Watts, Jonathan. â€Å"Nicaragua President Re-elected in Landslide Amid Claims of Rigged Vote.† The Guardian. 7 November 2016. https://www.theguardian.com//nicaragua-president-daniel-ortega-reelected-landslide-vote-rigging Morris, Courtney Desiree. â€Å"Unexpected Uprising: The Crisis of Democracy in Nicaragua.† NACLA. 14 May 2018. https://nacla.org/news/2018/07/11/unexpected-uprising-crisis-democracy-nicaragua De Cordoba, Jose. â€Å"Nicaragua Revokes Legislation That Increased Payroll Tax, Cut Pension Benefits.† The Wall Street Journal. 22 April 2018 https://www.wsj.com//nicaragua-revokes-legislation-that-increased-payroll-tax-cut-pension-benefits

Admission College Essay Prompts

Admission College Essay Prompts Admission College Essay Prompts What Is Admission College Essay Prompt? If you decided to enter any college, you should wait several weeks for packages/applications to arrive. In the meantime, the following material should be read: your entrance essay, the essay or college admission essays, which you wrote for your college applications should be held in a ready folder. Many of the scholarship groups will ask for an essay touching on topics you have already written or thought about, and hopefully (perhaps with a little reshaping), you can recycle your work. Typical admission essay questions are: What person in your individual life or in history has had the greatest influence on you? Why? What are your future goals, and what do you think what your eventual impact on society will be? Diversity Admission Essays Admission committee wants to know more about you. The one way to do this is to read your admission essays. As a rule entrance English essays are similar and addressed to know you better as a future applicant. You may always read the list of application essays, which were assigned in your college last year. It helps you to have an idea about the requirements of the college. Writing essays, your task is to distinguish yourself from the mass of applicants. Attract admission officer attention and persuade him, that you are an appropriate candidate. There are eight areas, which colleges typically want to address in application essays writing. Motivation Industry Initiative Influence and leadership Concern for others Responsibility Integrity Emotional stability Admission Essay Writing Here is a part of admission essay writing that you are free to use as a model for your college admissions essay: I will earn my M.D., and come to the rescue as a primary care doctor. My residency (and eventually my practice) will preferably be served in an urban setting like New York City, Philadelphia, or Washington, DC. Across this country, economically disadvantaged people need help and support. At the next step, I will expand my knowledge on urban health and community needs (e.g., family dynamics, or trends in drug use). In a few weeks, I will be off to Harvard as an Arthur Ashe Fellow. And with my eventual residency and four year responsibility to the National Health Service Corps, I intend to take advantage of every learning experience. After all, I am on a rescue mission! Read also: Essays comparing poems Critical Literary Essay Conflict Essay Process Essay Custom Term Paper

Exploring and learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Exploring and learning - Essay Example There are also some students who take a strategic approach, where they intend to maximize their chances of getting high marks. In today’s intellectual world, the three approaches of learning namely; deep, surface and strategic have become very popular. The surfacing issue therefore emerges on which of the three learning approaches is the most effective. This raises a very highly debatable issue. While some learners adopt a deep approach as noted by Morgan (1993), others prefer a surface approach when engaging in their studies. This paper seeks to critically analyze the three approaches of learning; deep, surface and strategic. Further, it will seek to examine how the chosen approach of learning affects the performance of a student. Marton and Saljo are the scholars behind the theory of deep and surface approaches to learning. They wrote a scholarly paper describing the varied manner in which learners approached learning in the academic sector. This studied was in the psycholog y department which at that time was quite unusual. This is because by default, they would have set up an artificial laboratory experiment for purposes of isolating one element from the other. Instead, Marton and Saljo sought to engage university students and their habitual behavior during learning. The students were required to read an article and thereafter answer questions based on the same. The study revealed that to some learners, the text was perceived as information with such discrete units meant to be memorized (Stanger-Hall, 2012, 294). The memorization was meant to help to answer the questions that would follow. The two scholars referred to this as the surface approach. On the other hand, some students perceived the text as one containing structured meaning. They were eager to discover the meaning of the article, its implications and the impact it had on them. They termed this as the deep approach. It follows that learners who engage in the deep approach had a better unders tanding of the article and were therefore able to answer a variety of question deciphered from it. In addition, they were in a better position to remember the content effectively compared to the others. Subsequent researches after this study have shown that there are different approaches to learning that students engage in while undertaking their academic tasks. A surface approach to learning can be defined as the result of low cognitive level engagement which yields to fragmented outcomes that do not translate to understanding or meaning. This process takes place when the learner takes in information ‘by heart’, but is in the least interested in engaging with the meaning of what s/he has taken. When taking this approach, the learner’s motive lies in only carrying out the task (Lauriland, 2003,47). This is due to some either positive or negative pressure/consequence. Negative in that if s/he fails, it is bound to affect his life in a not so pleasant way and posit ive in that if s/he passes, he will be favored by the teacher/instructor. Rote learning is a surface strategy whereby the learner focuses on what s/he perceives as the most important information and embarks on memorization of the same. Since the intention is as earlier noted to pass a test or exam, the learner finds not interconnections found in what is being learnt between meanings implications of the same. Surface learning is

THE ENGLISH SYSTEM OF EDUCATION AND SKILLS Essay

THE ENGLISH SYSTEM OF EDUCATION AND SKILLS - Essay Example ligation to make contributions to the cost of their education once they are in work†¦ The Inquiry favours a combination of student tuition fees (on a loan basis) and the continuation of means-tested maintenance grants and student loans as the best way to seek contributions from higher income families and graduates in work†¦ to make a flat rate contribution of around 25 per cent of the average cost of higher education tuition, through an income-based mechanism." (Dearing) The removal of up-front fees and the limited return of grants are insufficient to offset the experience of student debt, especially by low-income families. Many poor families are positively deterred from entering HE due to the fees and concern of getting into debt. â€Å"We have neither the quantity nor the quality of necessary vocational skills†¦ Our skills base compares poorly and, critically, all of our comparators are improving. Being world class is a moving target.† (Leitch) Many of the initiatives other than those dealing with funding are positive for the UK higher education system. The thorny issue remains funding. The Leitch review published in 2006 also makes some suitable recommendations for the present-day UK HE system. These were made in response to the government’s concern in 2004 to engender greater skills in adults due to demographic changes in the workplace. 1. Students from poorer backgrounds would not be at a disadvantage, otherwise they may not be have the means to acquire HE at all, or they may feel obliged to opt for cheaper degree courses instead of selecting on the basis of academic considerations. High student fees are the single biggest obstacles to continuing their studies into higher education. 2. Enabling contributions by students should only be directed at students who are able to afford to pay for their own studies. Even then, students should only be expected to pay if and when they have obtained employment, and earning more than a minimum amount of

advantages of presidential systems

advantages of presidential systems One of the advantages of a presidential system is that the head of state is usually elected through a direct mandate. In terms of democracy, this makes the presidents authority more legitimate as he is elected directly by the people as oppose to being appointed indirectly. Another advantage of a presidential system is the stability it brings as presidents are usually elected to fixed terms while a prime ministers government can fall at anytime. An example of this is in Canada; where in a minority government the leader of the opposition, Michael Ignatieff, could bring down Stephen Harpers government and has threatened to do so several times. This is in contrast to President Obamas tenure which is secure till the elections of 2012. Additionally, presidential system allow for the separation of powers as the legislature is a completely different structure and institution. This allows a system of checks and balances to be created, allowing one to monitor the other. Speed and decisiveness can be seen as a positive characteristic of a presidential system, as presidents usually have stronger constitutional powers allowing them to spearhead reform and enact change swiftly. Conversely, one advantage of a parliamentary system is that its faster and easier to pass legislation. This is because the executive branch is part of the legislative branch and is dependent upon the direct or indirect support of it as it usually comprised of members of the legislature. This can be seen in the Canadian system of government where the prime minister and his cabinet is also Member of Parliament. This segues into the advantage that parliamentary systems usually have a higher propensity for having unified governments, as minority governments are the minority. This adds to the governments ability to pass legislation more quickly, as it is rare for a majority government to have their own legislation defeated, as parliamentary system usually have greater party discipline. Moreover, the lack of a head of states veto power also allows legislation to pass more swiftly. Another advantage of a parliamentary system is that power is more evenly diverged. Constitutionally, the prime minister rarely has such high importance of a president. An example of this is how parliamentary systems allow MPs to directly question the prime minister and his government. Also, lower individual importance on the prime minster position can be seen through elections tendencies as there is a higher focus on political party ideas than on the actual person. Lastly, the advantage of the government technically being able to dissolve at any time allows the government to be more accountable and viable. This allows parliament to replace a government or a prime minister if he or she has been lackluster or detrimental to the country. This allows for practicable governments to continue governing while ineffective ones can be disposed of. Disadvantages to a presidential system include tendencies towards authoritarianism. Because of the overarching power given to one person, presidential systems could quickly transform into authoritarian regimes if circumstances permit. Also the centralization of authority could lead to the president becoming a more influential figure in society and the media. This high priority on the president could lower and undermine civic participation as people might feel they cannot play an active role in lawmaking or place a lower significance on the legislative branches of government relative to the executive. Furthermore, separation of powers is also seen as a disadvantage of the presidential system as it might create gridlock and stalemates within the government. One example of this could be if the President continues to veto bills that the legislature ratifies, impeding government from passing laws. This can be seen in 1995 when Democrat Bill Clinton was president with a Republican controll ed Congress. The government could not get consensus on anything, not even on a budget. Lastly, impediments to leadership change can be seen as another disadvantage as it can be more difficult to remove an unsuitable president from office before her term is concluded, creating a potential situation where an idol or unhelpful president could not be removed and be replaced a better alternative. On the other hand, disadvantages to a parliamentary system include that the head of government is usually not directly elected. This is because the prime minister is typically elected by the legislature or the party in power, which normally means the party leadership. In addition, another disadvantage in the parliamentary system is that there is no independent body to oppose and veto legislation approved by parliament, and thus a lack of a cohesive checks and balance system. Also, because of the shortage in the separation of powers, parliamentary systems could instill too much power in the executive. This is because MPs usually have to adhere to parliamentary discipline, and cannot vote based on their own judgments or constituencies. Furthermore, as elections in parliamentary systems usually result in a majority government, this could lead to the tyranny of the majority resulting in the minority parties to be marginalized as they would have little to no input in government legislatio n. Moreover, parliamentary systems can be seen as inherently unstable, if minority governments are elected and coalition governments are formed as the government can be brought down at any time. Opponents of the parliamentary system point to Japans recent instabilities and constant replacing of prime ministers as well as Weimar Germany as examples where unstable coalitions, belligerent minority parties, and constant threats of the government being voted down by opposition parties. Lastly, the parliamentary system lack of a definite election calendar can be mistreated to allow parties to gain political advantages. The governing party can schedule elections with relative freedom, and avoid elections when it is unpopular. Indeed, in a Canadian context, Prime Minister Stephen Harper defeated his own government because polls showed that he had the ability to win a majority at the time. This gives an unfair advantage to ruling parties who can stave off defeat or increase their mandate at the expense of the opposition parties. The influence of a presidential system on politics can be seen through the stronger role of the president i as well as the gridlock that can be experienced when passing legislation. This is opposed to the parliamentary system and how a prime minister usually has a smaller role in politics while parliament is typically quick in passing legislation and avoiding gridlock. First, the president usually becomes a national figure, which represents the government regardless of the effectiveness of legislation. As policies are harder to pinpoint compared to parliamentary systems, a president usually receives all criticism and blame on legislation passed, regardless if the party passed it or not. However in parliamentary systems, the governing party usually receives praise and criticism for legislation passed with not everything being placed upon the prime minister. This segues into the president is the head of state, and performing ceremonial roles as well as being the commander in chief of t he armed forces. He also plays an active role in the government by setting out a governments agenda especially if her party is also in control of the legislature. This differs from parliamentary system as there is a more visible separation of head of state and head of government. An example of this is the Queen in the UK who almost exclusively performs ceremonial roles. The Queen by convention does not veto any legislation passed by the government, as she does not have that legitimacy given through the electorate. This differs from the prime minister who is directly involved in the lawmaking organs of parliament. The president in a presidential system is almost like the center part of a venn-diagram as she possesses the ceremonial part of the head of state while playing active role in the government process like a prime minister. Another influence that a president has on parliament is his role in the checks in balance system. The United States government is must more used to gridloc k and stalemates between the levels of government and even between to the two houses as that is how the system is set up to me. This is in contrast where legislation is Canada can be passed rather rapidly especially if the party has a majority government. This presidential system influences the way representatives behave as they

Criminal Defense Case

Criminal Defense Case Most people are aware of process to convict a criminal defendant. The prosecutor must prove â€Å"beyond a reasonable doubt† that the defendant is guilty of the crime in question, and that the accused is not required by law to present the court with any evidence, or prove he or she is innocent. Under the United States Constitution’s Fifth Amendment, a criminal defendant is not compelled to state under oath against himself. However, in some criminal trials, the defendant wants the opportunity to prove he or she is innocent by presenting the court with a defense. The following paper will discuss the various types of defenses criminal defendants can introduce to defend against criminal charges, and differentiate between the legal and medical perspective on mental illness and insanity (University of Phoenix Course Syllabus, 2009; Law Library, 2009). In most criminal defense cases, even though the defendant may have intentionally harmed another person or property, he or she may maintain that his or her case was an exception to the standards of criminal responsibility and that, as a result, he or she should not be found guilty and undergo any penalties. According to the Law Library (2009), â€Å"There are invariably unusual situations in which people intentionally cause harm, but the purpose of punishment would not be furthered in these cases† ( ¶4). In addition, due to psychological or intellectual challenges, some individuals are not held criminally responsible for their harmful conduct. Therefore, to accommodate these types of cases, defendants have the opportunity to avoid criminal responsibility by presenting defenses (Law Library, 2009). Two categories can identify criminal defenses: â€Å"I did not do it† (factual) and â€Å"I did it, but †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (legal). Defendants of the â€Å"I did not do it† category, try to avoid punishment by claiming that he or she did not commit the act in question. Defenses that fall into the â€Å"I did not do it† category are the Presumption of Innocent, Reasonable Doubt, and the Alibi Defense. Defendants of the â€Å"I did it, but †¦Ã¢â‚¬  category do not deny committing the act in question but instead, try to avoid punishment by claiming that the act was due to unusual circumstances. Defenses that fall into the â€Å"I did it, but †¦Ã¢â‚¬  category are Self-Defense, the Insanity Defense, Under the Influence, and Entrapment (Nolo, 2009; Schmalleger, 2010). The presumption of innocence means that every individual is presumed innocent until convicted, either as the result of pleading guilty or in a trial. This presumption means the defendant does not have to defend himself on his behalf, but instead, the prosecutor must convince the jury of the defendant’s guilt. A defendant may remain silent during the entire court process, not call upon any witnesses, and simply argue that the prosecutor failed to prove their case. The defendant goes free, if the prosecutor fails to convince the court that the defendant is guilty (Find Law, 2009). Defenses of reasonable doubt, the prosecutor must convince either the judge or jury assigned to the case that the defendant is guilty â€Å"beyond a reasonable doubt. † This could be a difficult standard to meet. Because the high burden of proof, means the evidence in favor of the defendant are to be resolved of all doubts by judges and jurors. With such a difficult task imposed on the prosecutor, a defendant may simply argue that there is indeed reasonable doubt (Nolo, 2009). The alibi defense is different from other major defenses; alibis are based on the claim of actual innocence. The defendant present evidence and or witness testimony proving that he or she was somewhere during the time the alleged crime was committed. For example, Jason Jones, 26, and his brother, Corey Jones, 29, were release from jail when federal prosecutors failed to counterattack the brother’s alibi. Frederick H. Cohn, a lawyer for Jason Jones, was able to prove that during the time of a federal witness killing in the Bronx, both brothers were approximately five miles from the scene of the crime according to Jason Jones MetroCard (The New York Times Company, 2009). Self-defense is commonly asserted by individuals charged with a crime of violence, like battery, assault with a deadly weapon, or murder. The defendant does not deny committing the crime, but instead, claims that his or her action was justifiable due to the other person’s threatening actions. The fundamental issues in most criminal trials are, who was the aggressor, was self-defense necessary, and was the reasonable amount of force used by the defendant. Although people are allowed to protect themselves from physical harm, it must be in the belief that a physical attack is about to occur. Further, an act of self-defense cannot exceed more force than is believe reasonable. A person who uses too much force may be guilty of crime. For example, the aggressor physically tries to attack the defender with his fist and the defender defends the aggressor back with a knife, stabbing the aggressor several times. The defender would be guilty of the crime since the force use was not reasonable (Nolo, 2009). The insanity defense is based on the standards that a person cannot be criminally responsible for the crime in question, if he is incapable of controlling his behavior and cannot understand the differences between right and wrong. Since some individuals’ do suffer from a mental disorder, the insanity defense prevents them from undergoing any criminal penalties. Here are some important points of interest. Not often, but when a defendant does enter a plea of â€Å"not guilty by reason of insanity,† judges and jurors almost never supports it. Maybe it has to do with the conflicting agreements between the legal and medical perspective. There are several definitions when it comes to insanity since both the legal system and medical experts cannot agree on one single meaning. McNaghten† defines insanity as â€Å"the inability to distinguish right from wrong. † â€Å"Irresistible impulse† defines insanity as â€Å"a person’s act may be wrong, but because of the mental illness his actions cannot be controlled. † Further, defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity is not released by confined to a mental institution for further evaluations, and in some cases, spends more time in the institute than they would if they were in prison. On behalf of the defense, a psychiatrist must testify after examining the case and defendant’s history (Find Law, 2009). Defendants that commit a crime while under the influence of alcohol or drugs sometimes argue that they cannot be held accountable for their actions since their mental functioning was impaired. However, intoxication, especially voluntary does not excuse criminal conduct. Most people are aware of the side effects of drugs and alcohol, thus holding them legally responsible for committing crimes as a result of their voluntary use. However, in some states, if the criminal crime requires â€Å"specific intent,† the defendant can argue that he was too intoxicated to have formed that intent. Although the defendant is still partially to blame for his actions, the punishment is less severe (Find Law, 2009). Entrapment takes places when a government official forces a person to commit a crime and then tries to punish them for it. In some cases, however, even if a government agent did suggest the crime and then help the defendant commit it, the defendant could still be guilty if the judge or jury believes the defendant would have committed the crime anyways. Entrapment defenses, thus, can be difficult for defendants with prior convictions of similar crimes (Find Law, 2009). In conclusion, a defendant is given the opportunity to present evidence on his or her behalf, even though he or she is not obligated to do so under law. Throughout this criminal defense case analysis, we were able to discuss the differences between criminal defenses of â€Å"I did not do it† (factual) and â€Å"I did it, but †¦ ,† (legal), as well as explain the various types of defenses under each category. Further, we are able to conclude that although there are a variety of criminal defenses that can be used to defend a person’s innocence, does not necessarily mean that the courts will agree with his or her actions or defense to actions. Reference Find Law. (2009). Criminal law: Common defenses: Defenses to criminal charges. Retrieved December 01, 2009, from http://criminal. findlaw. com/crimes/criminal-overview/common-defenses-to-criminal-charges. html Law Library. (2009). Criminal law principles: Defense principles. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from http://jrank. org/pages/18462/Criminal-Law-Principles-Defense-Principles. html Nolo. (2009). Defenses to criminal charges. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from http://www. nolo. om/legal-encyclopedia/article-30275. html Schmalleger, F. (2010). Criminal law today: An introduction with capstone cases. (4th ed. ) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. The New York Times Company. (2009). Murder case dropped after MetroCard verifies alibi. Retrieved December 01, 2009, from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/01/01/nyregion/01murder. html University of Phoenix Course Syllabus. (2009). CJA 343: Criminal Law. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from the University of Phoenix Student Web site.

Cosmology and Astrophysics

Analysis Of The Book Halfbreed By Maria Campbell

Summary Maria Campbell’s autobiography Halfbreed is a moving story about a young Native girl’s battle to survive, in coming to terms with the past and in discovering a way to build a brighter future in an atmosphere of social abuse and viciousness. Campbell is the oldest daughter of seven children, and was born in northern Saskatchewan. Within the book, she points out the differences between the Native people and the whites, as well as those of status Indians with non-status Native people. Both whites and full-blooded Native people rejected her due to her designation as a non-status Native, otherwise known as Metis. Filled with a strong feeling of resentment and anger, Campbell’s search for self-identity and her struggle to overcome the poverty, discrimination, and cruelty experienced by Metis individuals are described within the novel. When Campbell was twelve, her mother passed away. As a young girl, she was forced to give up school and take on the role of the mother t o her younger siblings. At fifteen years old, Campbell felt obligated to marry in order to prevent her younger brothers and sisters from being taken away from her and her father. Unfortunately, her diligent work and good intentions did not keep her family together. Her spouse, a white, abusive alcoholic, reported her to the welfare authorities, and her siblings were taken away and placed in foster homes. Her husband chose to take his family to Vancouver, where he abandoned her and their newly born child.Show MoreRelatedGender Roles : Half Breed And Anne Of Green Gables1832 Words   |  8 Pagesof us to grow into our personal identities. Maria and Anne accepted some gender roles and fought others but either way it was the journey that helped them to get to their personal identities. Half-Breed, the autobiography of Maria Campbell indicates throughout the book how gender roles affected her personal identity. This autobiography is written in the times when gender roles were the norm for males and females. The first incidence of this is when Maria Campbell’s Mother passes away and the family